1- Proximity
The way in which design elements are grouped or spaced on a page is called proximity. Great design groups like elements together.

2- Alignment
Alignment is the position of text or graphics, whether left, right, centered or full justified..

3- Repetition
To maintain a unified look, designers repeat elements throughout a design. (Repetition is also defined as the number of times your toddler asks for a cookie.)

4- Contrast
Contrast is achieved by including elements within the design that look measurably different from one another. A designer may use color, shape, texture, size or typeface to create contrast.

5- White space
White space—sometimes called negative space—is the part of the design that is unmarked by imagery or text. It’s also what Midwesterners call their depressing, winter landscape.