1- Rule of thirds
The rule of thirds is a technique that designers use to determine focal point. Using a grid of three rows and columns, focal points are indicated where the lines converge. Designers use this as a guide to determine where to place important elements in their design.

2- Grid
A grid is a series of intersecting vertical, horizontal, angular or curved lines used to organize graphic elements on a page, as well as in relation to one another.

3- Hierarchy
In design, hierarchy is the organization of elements by level of importance. Newspapers, magazine spreads and movie posters are good examples of the use of design hierarchy. Headlines (also called display type) are usually placed at the top, while subheads and body copy fall underneath.

4-Scale
Scale is the size of an object in relation to another object (not that thing in your bathroom that you curse at each morning). Scale can be used to create interest and grab a viewer’s attention.

5- Thumbnail sketch
When conceptualizing, a designer will often create small, rough drawings—thumbnail sketches—to explore many ideas.

6- Mock-up
A mock-up is a real or digital model used to test early design ideas and see how they could look in the real world.